Vaccine refusal and hesitancy in Spain: an online cross-sectional questionnaire.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Vaccine refusal and hesitancy represent a crucial challenge to public health, causing delays in vaccination and compromising herd immunity.

Methods

To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive observational study on the adult Spanish population in 2021. Using an online questionnaire, we examined the sociodemographic and sociocultural factors, beliefs, and opinions of those refusing or hesitant about vaccines, as well as their vaccination behaviors by vaccine type and sex.

Results

There were 1,312 respondents: 74.5% were female, 73.7% were between 31 and 59 years old, and 71.0% had university studies. Our findings revealed that vaccine refusal rates were relatively low (16.8%), and mainly associated with influenza vaccination (10.3%). Higher refusal r

SUBMITTER: Huguet-Feixa A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12036127 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature