Vine-inspired zinc-ion modified black phosphorus coating accelerates bone tissue infiltration of 3D printed scaffolds.

ABSTRACT: Rationale: In the reconstruction of diabetic bone defects, 3D-printed scaffolds often encounter the challenge of limited and delayed tissue ingrowth in their central regions, which is critical for successful osseointegration and prognostic outcomes. Hyperglycemia induces endothelial apoptosis and impedes angiogenesis, thus inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: Drawing inspiration from the growth pattern of vines, we developed a Zn@BP/Si coating on the 3D-printed titanium scaffold to promote the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This coating was achieved by Zn²⁺-modified black phosphorus (BP), which not only enhances the stability and photothermal properties of BP, but also prevents endothelial apoptosis. The effe

SUBMITTER: Li D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12036863 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature