Contraindications to Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC). A position paper from the WBC Working Group of the International Institute of Refrigeration and the multidisciplinary expert panel.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Whole-Body Cryostimulation (WBC) is a treatment that involves short exposures of the entire body to very cold and dry air in specially adapted cryochambers. A growing body of literature suggests the safe application of this technique in medical settings.

Aim

The primary purpose of this study was to generate an international consensus on the updated contraindications for WBC through an interactive process of questionnaire interspersed with controlled feedback from a steering committee.

Design

The study design was based on a systematic review of the literature and Delphi methodology.

Setting

Administration of electronic online questionnaires concerning contraindications to WBC.

Population

A multidisciplinary panel of 48 experts in the fields of

SUBMITTER: Capodaglio P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12037594 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature