Risk assessment of phthalate ester exposure from various cheese types produced and consumed in Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the risk of phthalate ester exposure from locally produced cheese consumed by adults in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. A total of 435 adult participants completed an online questionnaire regarding their socio-demographic characteristics and cheese consumption patterns. Phthalate levels were analyzed using indirect gas chromatography in six types of local cheeses at three time points: immediately upon purchase, and one and two months after storage. The exposure dose was calculated by multiplying the concentration of the contaminant by the contact rate, and the exposure factor. This product was then divided by the body weight of the individual. The obtained results indicate that females, individuals aged 40-49, and those with a monthly income below 7750 Saudi Riyals (S

SUBMITTER: Moumniah HH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12037802 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature