Characterization of Taurocholic Acid Binding With Insulin for Potential Oral Formulation Using Different Methods.

ABSTRACT: In diabetes management, oral formulation of insulin (INS) has the potential to improve safety, convenience, and patient-centered care compared to subcutaneous injections. However, its bioavailability remains limited, necessitating improved delivery strategies. Recent clinical trials indicate that taurocholic acid (TCA) can enhance the bioavailability of oral INS as an absorption enhancer. In this work, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis revealed the formation of 1:1-1:4 INS-TCA complexes. MS/MS was used to explore the fragmentation pathway of complex ions and confirm binding stability in the gas phase. Circular dichroism spectra showed no clear conformational change in INS upon TCA binding, even though TCA enhanced INS's structural stability. Using Taylor dispersio

SUBMITTER: Sun C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12039169 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature