Single BMSC-derived cartilage organoids for gradient heterogeneous osteochondral regeneration by leveraging native vascular microenvironment.

ABSTRACT: Heterogeneous osteochondral regeneration remains a significant challenge due to the distinct microenvironments across the cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone layers. The natural gradient of vascularization from the superficial to deep layers of osteochondral tissue plays a critical role in guiding the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In this study, we propose a strategy for gradient heterogeneous osteochondral regeneration using cartilage organoids derived from single BMSCs, leveraging the natural vascularization gradient within osteochondral tissue. We successfully isolated BMSCs from rabbits and generated cartilage organoids via in vitro three-dimensional chondrogenic culture. To mimic the pro-vascular microenvironment,

SUBMITTER: Chen Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12042616 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature