Environmental surveillance for Salmonella Typhi to detect the typhoid burden in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), understanding the burden of typhoid disease has been challenging as clinical surveillance based on blood culture data alone often poorly represents the community burden. Underreported cases, unclear case definitions, the presence of a chronic carrier state and emerging antimicrobial resistance necessitate alternative approaches to assess disease prevalence and target public health interventions, such as vaccine introduction. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) in measuring the prevalence of typhoid infection in Indonesia.

Methods

Between October 11, 2022, and August 31, 2023, WES was conducted in 18 locations across 3 districts in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. S

SUBMITTER: Oktaria V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12042821 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature