Subtypes of tic disorders in children and adolescents: based on clinical characteristics.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tic disorder (TD) is a diverse neurodevelopmental disorder with various symptoms and comorbidities. Traditional classifications based on age onset and duration fail to adequately characterize the full clinical features of TD. This study aims to redefine TD subtypes by a comprehensive analysis of clinical features and comorbidities.

Methods

We assessed 139 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years using 14 scales covering 43 dimensions. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to identify distinct TD subtypes. Differences between these subtypes were analyzed using t-tests and network analysis, with high expected influence (EI) metric representing key symptoms within each subtype.

Results

We identified two distinct subtypes of TD, with 21.6% of participants c

SUBMITTER: Yang K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12046735 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature