T cell memory response to MPXV infection exhibits greater effector function and migratory potential compared to MVA-BN vaccination.

ABSTRACT: In 2022, a global mpox outbreak occurred, and remains a concern today. The T cell memory response to MPXV (monkeypox virus) infection has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluate this response in convalescent and MVA-BN (Modified Vaccinia Ankara - Bavarian Nordic) vaccinated individuals using VACV-infected cells. Strong CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cell responses are observed, and T cell responses are biased towards viral early expressed proteins. We identify seven immunodominant HLA-A*02:01 restricted MPXV-specific epitopes and focus our detailed phenotypic and scRNAseq analysis on the immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-G5R_18-26-specific CD8⁺ T cell response. While tetramer⁺CD8⁺ T cells share similar differentiation and activatio

SUBMITTER: Chen JL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12065855 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature