Macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines augment the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells by strengthening the NKG2D pathway in multiple myeloma.

ABSTRACT: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal hematologic malignancy characterized by low rate of complete remissions. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy has shown promising benefits in MM treatment. In this study, we investigated whether the pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages could upregulate MICA/B expression and thus the cytotoxicity of CIK cells. Flow cytometry was used for phenotypic measurement and the cytotoxicity assay of CIK cells. Soluble MICA/B and macrophage-derived cytokines were measured using ELISA assay. CCK-8 assay was applied to evaluate cell viabilities. Gene expression levels were investigated using RT-qPCR. The expression of MICA/B and PD-L1 in MM cells was upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhanced the cytotoxicity of CI

SUBMITTER: Chen P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12078699 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature