Immunomodulatory effects of intratumoral cowpea mosaic virus and calreticulin nanoparticles in canine tumors: early results.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Intratumoral immunotherapy delivers immune-modifying therapeutic agents directly into the tumor microenvironment (TME), stimulating both local and systemic immune responses. In this pilot study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles, which primarily activates innate immunity, and calreticulin nanoparticle (CRT-NP), which enhance immunostimulatory signals of immunogenic cell death in canine cancers. The study focused on their potential to induce local and systemic antitumor immune responses and achieve tumor control.

Method

CPMV was obtained through the mechanical inoculation of Vigna unguiculata, while CRT-NP was generated using cationic liposomes loaded with a CRT-expressing plasmid. Nine canine patients with oral mel

SUBMITTER: Singh A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12082347 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature