Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Humans are primary drivers of environmental-contaminant exposures worldwide, including in drinking-water (DW). In the United States, point-of-use DW (POU-DW) is supplied via private tapwater (TW), public-supply TW, and bottled water (BW). Differences in management, monitoring, and messaging and lack of directly-intercomparable exposure data influence the actual and perceived quality and safety of different DW supplies and directly impact consumer decision-making.

Objectives

The purpose of this paper is to provide a meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) of POU-DW contaminant-mixture exposures and corresponding potential human-health effects of private-TW, public-TW, and BW by aggregating exposure results and harmonizing apical-health-benchmark-weighted and bioacti

SUBMITTER: Bradley PM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12086739 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature