Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor reduces lung bacterial load following traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage polytrauma in a juvenile rat model.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial respiratory infections are common following severe TBI, especially with polytraumatic TBI. Although post-injury immunosuppression has been identified as a potential contributor to nosocomial infection, the underlying mechanism and optimal therapy are poorly understood. In this study, we used a combined model of TBI plus extra-cranial hemorrhage followed by intranasal inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae to model the clinical scenario of polytrauma TBI and post-injury infection. Briefly, 28-day (prepubescent) rats received either sham injury or prefrontal controlled cortical impact injury plus removal of 25% of blood volume through femoral cannulation. Saline or 50µg/kg granulo

SUBMITTER: Bahader GA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12088021 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature