Artesunate Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia by Promoting IRF4 Associated Macrophage Polarization.

ABSTRACT: Vascular restenosis is a serious clinical issue initiated and aggravated by macrophage inflammation, with no effective treatments available, in cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. However, the untapped mechanisms and new targets that can regulate macrophage polarization and vascular restenosis remain elusive. The research identifies interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression as crucial in macrophage polarization during arterial restenosis. Myeloid-specific Irf4 deficiency and overexpression experiments showed that IRF4 promoted M2 macrophage polarization, inhibited M1 macrophage transitions, and disrupted the interaction between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells to reduce neointimal hyperplasia by directly upregulating krüppel like factor 4 (KLF4) expression. Artesunat

SUBMITTER: Miao J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12097016 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature