Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of stigmasterol on diabetic retinopathy: BNM framework construction and experimental validation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, severely impacts patients' quality of life. The combined use of the traditional Chinese medicines Astragalus, Fructus ligustris, and Cornus officinalis has yielded considerable therapeutic effects in clinical DR treatment.

Methods

In this study, a multimodule framework (BNM) encompassing bioinformatics, network pharmacology, and machine learning (ML) based on molecular fingerprints was innovatively developed to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms of this Chinese medicine in treating DR.

Results

A total of 40 active components and 12 core targets were identified. Enrichment analysis identified key pathways such as VEGF signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 s

SUBMITTER: Zhang H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12098638 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature