Maternal and Infant Predictors of Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Concentrations in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Human milk macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and energy concentrations vary based on maternal and infant factors and time postpartum.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the change in milk macronutrient and energy concentrations from approximately 2 to 5 months postpartum and identify factors associated with this variation among a lactation cohort in Bangladesh.

Methods

In this prospective observational lactation cohort in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, we collected hand-expressed mid-feed human milk samples and analyzed macronutrient concentrations using mid-infrared spectroscopy. We used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare macronutrient and energy concentrations between time points and mixed linear regression to determine associations betwe

SUBMITTER: North K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12107256 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature