Effects of Three Different Bee Pollen on Digestion, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Gut Microbes in <i>Apis mellifera</i>.

ABSTRACT: The nutritional value of pollen for honeybees varies significantly depending on its source. This study examines the nutrient composition of three types of bee-collected pollen-Maize bee-collected pollen (MBP), Lotus bee-collected pollen (LBP), and Sunflower bee-collected pollen (SBP)-and their effects on honeybee digestion, immunity, and gut microbiota. Nutritional analysis revealed no significant differences in moisture, protein, and carbohydrate content among the three pollen types. However, sunflower bee-collected pollen exhibited a significantly lower crude fat content than maize bee-collected pollen and lotus bee-collected pollen, while lotus bee-collected pollen had a significantly higher crude ash content than the other pollen types. Additionally, notable differences in amino acid c

SUBMITTER: Li XM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12112133 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature