Prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients based on multiple patterns of programmed cell death, integrated analysis of the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is a highly malignant bile duct cancer with a poor prognosis and rising incidence. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a crucial role in cancer biology, influencing tumor immunity and treatment response. This study analyzes the impact of multiple PCD patterns on CHOL prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) and drug sensitivity.

Methods

RNA sequencing data from TCGA-CHOL and GSE107943 were analyzed to identify PCD-related genes. A PCD-associated Risk Score was constructed using Cox and Lasso regression analyses. The score's prognostic value was assessed through survival analysis, ROC curves, and functional annotation.

Results

We identified 111 differentially expressed PCD-related genes, including NCK2, BNIP3 and BIK</

SUBMITTER: Xu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12116470 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature