Liquid-liquid phase separation of membrane-less condensates: from biogenesis to function.

ABSTRACT: Membrane-less condensates (MLCs) are highly concentrated non-membrane-bounded structures in mammalian cells, comprising heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and/or nucleic acids. As dynamic compartments, MLCs can rapidly exchange components with the cellular environment, and their properties are easily altered in response to environmental signals, thus implicating that they can mediate numerous critical biological functions. A basic understanding of these condensates' formation, function, and underlying biomolecular driving forces has been obtained in recent years. For example, MLCs form through a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomenon similar to polymer condensation, which is primarily maintained via multivalent interactions of multi-domain proteins or proteins harboring intrinsic

SUBMITTER: Guan H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12116561 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature