Study on the effect of ammonium (NH₄⁺) as impurity and seed ratio on batch cooling crystallization of nickel sulfate hexahydrate.

ABSTRACT: This research examines the influence of NH₄⁺ impurities and seed ratio on growth mechanisms and characteristics of nickel sulfate hexahydrate in batch cooling crystallization. The kinetic behavior, thermal properties, and functional groups were also studied under the influence of NH₄⁺ impurities. At low concentrations of impurities, competing process between Ni²⁺ and NH₄⁺ ions to bind with SO₄^2- causes the crystal output yield and growth rate to decrease and the crystallization activation energy increases. At high concentrations of impurities, NH₄⁺ ions incorporate into crystal structure and produce double salt (NH₄)₂Ni(SO₄)₂ 6

SUBMITTER: Andriyan MW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12117115 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature