Heterogeneous NF-κB activation and enhancer features shape transcription in <i>Drosophila</i> immunity.

ABSTRACT: Conserved NF-κB signaling pathways shape immune responses in animals. In mammals, NF-κB activation patterns and downstream transcription vary with stimulus, cell type, and stochastic differences among identically treated cells. Whether animals without adaptive immunity exhibit similar heterogeneity or rely on distinct immune strategies remains unknown. We engineered Drosophila melanogaster S2* reporter cells as an immune-responsive model to monitor the dynamics of an NF-κB transcription factor, Relish, and downstream transcription in single, living cells. Following immune stimulation, Relish exhibits diverse nuclear localization dynamics that fall into distinct categories, with both the fraction of responsive cells and their activation speed rising with stimulus dose. Pre-stimulus f

SUBMITTER: Nawar N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12139968 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature