Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Definitive Endoderm Cells with Growth Factors and Small Molecules.

ABSTRACT: Definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation leads to the development of the major internal organs including the liver, intestines, pancreas, gall bladder, prostate, bladder, thyroid, and lungs. The two primary methods utilized for in vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into DE cells are the growth factor (GF) and the small molecule (SM) approaches. The GSK-3 inhibitor (CHIR99021) is a key factor for the SM approach. Activin A and Wnt3a are utilized in the GF approach. In this study, both the GF and SM protocols were compared to each other. The results show that both the GF and SM protocol produce DE with a similar morphological phenotype, gene and protein expression, and a similar level of homogeneity and functionality. However, on both the gene expression a

SUBMITTER: Asumda FZ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12153844 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature