Evolutionary insights into toxins diversity in Ceriantharia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa).

ABSTRACT: Ceriantharians synthesize and inoculate the toxins found in their stinging cells spread throughout the body. For most cnidarians the putative toxins profile can vary widely depending on the tissue function and the environmental conditions faced by these marine invertebrates. Extensive gene duplications events have impacted the diversity of the toxins system of cnidarians and could explain the rapid emergence of novel toxins. On the other hand, it seems for Ceriantharia, the putative toxins profile does not exhibit major variation, despite occupying different ecological niches. Some species of ceriantharians have a planktonic stage that is highly dispersive, while the benthic phase is characterized by semi-sessile polyp. However, the polyp builds a tube involving the entire column that can

SUBMITTER: Lopes CSS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12182779 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature