Hypoxia upregulates the expression of PD-L1 via NPM1 in breast cancer.

ABSTRACT:

Background

A hypoxic microenvironment is the most frequent characteristic in tumor microenvironment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important molecule and therapeutic target that mediates the immune response of tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that hypoxia can lead to increased expression of Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and PD-L1. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms of NPM1 and PD-L1 expression under hypoxic conditions are still poorly understood.

Methods

The relationships among hypoxia, NPM1 and PD-L1 were explored by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitativePCR(ChIP-qPCR). Animal tumor models were established to explore the effect of NPM1 expression on tumor growth. The relationships between

SUBMITTER: Yu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12186055 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature