Virtual Reality Distraction for Reducing Pain and Anxiety During Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Background and Objectives: Percutaneous cardiovascular interventions (PCIs) have become a cornerstone in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, patients often experience significant anxiety and pain during these procedures, which can negatively impact their overall experience and clinical outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological intervention designed to alleviate procedural anxiety and pain through immersive distraction techniques. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified from PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to November 2024. Primary outcomes were peri-procedural anxiety and pain; secondary outcomes included vital signs, proce

SUBMITTER: Albazee E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12195424 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature