Coordinated early immune response in the lungs is required for effective control of SARS-CoV-2 replication.

ABSTRACT: Despite waning of virus-neutralizing antibodies, protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 in the majority of immune individuals remains high, but the underlying immune mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, rhesus macaques with pre-existing immunity from Novavax WA-1 and/or P.1 vaccines and WA-1 or P.1 infection are immunized with a bivalent WA-1/Omicron BA.5 Novavax vaccine ten months after the last exposure. The boost vaccination primarily increases the frequency of cross-reactive spike (S)-specific antibodies and B cells instead of inducing de novo BA.5-specific responses. Reinfection with heterologous Omicron XBB.1.5 six months after the boost vaccination results in low levels of virus replication in the respiratory tract compared with virus-naïve results from other studies. Whereas

SUBMITTER: Lenart K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12198374 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature