Coexistence of Borrelia spp. With different tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Poland.

ABSTRACT: Ixodes ricinus tick is a primary vector of Borrelia spirochetes and various tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Multi-species infections are common among ticks, however, the mechanism by which Borrelia spp. coexists with other pathogens within the tick vector is poorly understood. Furthermore, the extent to which Borrelia spp. interact with other pathogens or how multi-species infections influence pathogen loads in ticks and consequently, their transmission success and pathogenicity, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of co-infections on occurrence and loads of Borrelia spp. and other pathogens in I. ricinus. In the years 2021-2022, we collected 2073 I. ricinus ticks from tick-bitten individuals from around Poland and analyzed individually for the presence of Bor

SUBMITTER: Koczwarska J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12216539 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature