Post-translational modifications of cancer immune checkpoints: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized cancer clinical management, but low response rates and treatment resistance remain challenging. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical for governing protein expression, localization, functions, and interactions with other cellular molecules, which notably build up the diversity and complexity of the proteome. A growing body of evidence supports that PTMs influence immunotherapy efficacy and outcomes by post-translationally modulating the expression and functions of immune checkpoints. Therefore, understanding the PTM mechanisms that govern immune checkpoints is paramount for developing novel treatment strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy and overcome resistance. This review

SUBMITTER: Jia H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12236040 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature