Synergistic photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy using hypoxia-adaptive Ce6@Co nanoparticles for enhanced tumor suppression.

ABSTRACT: Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is less effective in solid tumors owing to Type-II PDT mechanism's reliance on oxygen (O₂), which is scarce in hypoxic environments. Most hydrophobic photosensitizers have poor water solubility, complicating their formulation and delivery. To address these challenges, Ce6@Co nanoparticles (a hypoxia-adaptive nanoplatform) were developed via coordinating Co²⁺ ions with chlorin e6 (Ce6), exhibiting uniform size (∼230 nm), enhanced dispersibility, and colloidal stability. These nanoparticles generate dual-mode reactive oxygen species (ROS): Type-II ¹O₂ via PDT under 670 nm irradiation and oxygen-independent hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) via Co²⁺-mediated Fenton-like reactions. In vitro, Ce6@Co nanoparticle

SUBMITTER: Chang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12240129 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature