Estimation of toe brachial index based on forefoot Doppler waveforms.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

The toe brachial index (TBI) is a standard diagnostic tool for assessing distal perfusion in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) but has several limitations. Doppler waveform characteristics of forefoot arteries, such as acceleration index (AccI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and acceleration time (AT), present a potentially reliable and more accessible alternative for estimating TBI. This study evaluated the association between Doppler waveform characteristics and standard TBI, developed empirical equations for estimating TBI (eTBI), and assessed their accuracy, reproducibility, and clinical applicability.

Methods and results

This study presents a prospective analysis of angle-corrected Doppler AccI, PSV, and AT in forefoot metatarsal arteries together with standard aut

SUBMITTER: Rodway AD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12241854 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature