TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) has previously been established as a cold tumor with highly complex tumor environment. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays pro-oncogenic roles in PCa. TGF-β3, another isoform of the TGF-β family, is reported to have different and even opposite regulatory roles to TGF-β1. However, the effect of TGF-β3 in PCa has not been elucidated.

Methods

TGF-β3 expression and its association with multiple clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed immunohistochemically in human PCa specimens. The antitumor effect of TGF-β3 and its combination with immunochemotherapy was observed by subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. RNA-seq of mouse tumor tissues identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were enriched in vascular biological process

SUBMITTER: Teng Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12255650 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature