Language and Beyond: A Registered Report Examining Single and Multiple Risk Models of Later Reading Comprehension Weaknesses.

ABSTRACT: Children with poor reading comprehension tend to have oral language weaknesses, suggesting that poor language in the early years is a proximal cause of later reading comprehension difficulties. Yet, longitudinal studies have not succeeded in reliably predicting which children go on to have comprehension weaknesses (CW), and evidence comprises small sample sizes and a narrow focus on language in isolation. In this registered report, we examined early predictors of later outcomes in 879 children with CW identified at 9 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Study 1 showed that these children had poorer language at 24 and 38 months (but not 15 months) than peers who did not go on to develop reading difficulties (n = 4516). However, preschool language ability was a poor

SUBMITTER: James E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12260278 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature