Across land, sea, and mountains: sulphate aerosol sources and transport dynamics over the northern Apennines.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we combine aerosol observations with high-resolution Eulerian (WRF-CHIMERE) and Lagrangian (FLEXPART) modelling to investigate the source regions, emission sources, transport pathways, and chemical transformation of sulphate aerosols at the high-altitude Monte Cimone station during July 2017. Our analysis shows that marine air masses are linked to higher levels of sulphate at Monte Cimone. In particular, the sea plays a dominant role in enhancing the oxidation of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) into sulphate due to prolonged exposure to elevated hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations over the sea. At the same time, sensitivity simulations reveal that industrial emissions contribute significantly to sulphate levels at Monte Cimone, even when air masses have spent a long time t

SUBMITTER: Bettineschi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12261285 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature