The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1990 to 2021 and the impact on prevention and control.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are common infectious diseases and remain a heavy burden, especially in some low-income countries. Although the global burden has decreased over the past three decades, an analysis of the burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever will help inform public health strategies.

Methods

This study is aimed to comprehensively evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of typhoid and paratyphoid, and the temporal trends while exploring potential associations with socio-demographic development over three decades (1990-2021). Data on typhoid and paratyphoid fever were analyzed using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2021. For this analysis, we calculated to demonstrate temporal trends in the incidence, mortality, and disability a

SUBMITTER: Liu G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12261836 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature