Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objectives

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Its etiology may involve both genetic and environmental factors, including vitamin D levels, body mass index, infections, and smoking. This is the first comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis that synthesizes and explore the role of many environmental risk factors in the etiology of MS.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE, SciVerse ScienceDirect and Web of Science were conducted for any original peer-reviewed article that included adult subjects diagnosed with and without MS that were exposed to any environmental risk factor. We did not set any time restrictions. Data were extracted and the quality assessment was performed with the Critical Appraisal Che

SUBMITTER: Vitturi BK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12263771 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature