Global burden of chronic kidney disease and its attributable risk factors (1990-2021): an analysis based on the global burden of disease study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chronic kidney disease is a global health challenge, especially in resource-limited regions. Understanding its burden and key risk factors is crucial for effective interventions.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2021) covering 204 countries were analyzed to assess trends in prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years for chronic kidney disease, alongside geographic, age, sex, and risk factor patterns.

Findings

In 2021, an estimated 674 million individuals were affected globally. Although the global age-standardized prevalence rate declined slightly by 0.8% since 1990, substantial disparities persisted. High-income North America's prevalence remained stable yet showed high mortality (20.6 per 100,000) and increased DAL

SUBMITTER: Li MJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12267038 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature