Transmission and Pathologic Findings of Divergent Human Seasonal H1N1pdm09 Influenza A Viruses Following Spillover Into Pigs in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) lineage of influenza A viruses (IAV) emerged in North America in 2009. It spread rapidly due to efficient transmission and the limited immunity in humans, replacing the previous human seasonal H1. Human-to-swine transmission of H1N1pdm09 IAV has since contributed to genetic diversity in pigs. While most were not sustained, approximately 160 spillovers persisted in pigs in the United States for at least 1 year and reassorted with other endemic swine IAVs in most cases.

Methods

We sought to identify how transmission and reassortment with endemic IAV in swine impact virus traits and zoonotic risk in this study. We conducted a swine pathogenesis and transmission study using four swine H1N1pdm09 viruses derived from different human influen

SUBMITTER: Ciacci Zanella G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12268112 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature