Qingrehuoxue formula enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC by remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment via TREM2 signaling.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study evaluated the anti-cancer effect of the Qingrehuoxue Formula (QRHXF) and explored its synergistic mechanisms with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1), focusing on the tumor mircroenvironment (TME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

The major components of QRHXF were quantified using mass spectrometry. Subcutaneous tumor mice models of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) were established. Mice were divided into five groups identified for pharmacodynamics: model, QRHXF (low-dose and high-dose), anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-1 + QRHXF. Tumor pathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Inflammatory factors were evaluated via ELISA and q-PCR. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Immunofluorescence

SUBMITTER: Li BB 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12269164 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature