Porous granular hydrogel scaffolds biofabricated from dual-crosslinked hydrogel microparticles for breast tissue engineering.

ABSTRACT: Hydrogel scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering; however, traditional bulk hydrogel scaffolds (BHS) often suffer from insufficiently sized pores (nanoscales), impeding cellular infiltration, development, and expansion. This limitation affects oxygen and nutrient exchange efficiency, in which case it relies extensively on liquid permeation and bulk hydrogels swelling. In contrast, hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) have proven to be both printable and injectable, allowing the development of modular thick constructs with interconnected pores. This study introduces a novel method of fabricating porous granular hydrogel scaffolds (GHS) by printing thermo-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) HMPs granular hydrogels before chemical crosslinking (dual-crosslinking). The scaffolds exh

SUBMITTER: Guo Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12269517 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature