Virtual-reality cognitive behavior therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for paranoid ideation: A pragmatic, single-blind, multicenter randomized clinical superiority trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Virtual reality (VR) may improve psychological treatments for psychotic disorders. We investigated the effects of VR-based cognitive behavior therapy for paranoid ideation (VR-CBTp) compared to standard CBTp.

Methods

We conducted a pragmatic, single-blind, randomized clinical trial in seven mental health centers across the Netherlands and Belgium. A total of 98 participants with a psychotic spectrum disorder and paranoid ideation were randomized to a maximum of 16 sessions of VR-CBTp (n = 48) or CBTp (n = 50). The primary outcome was momentary paranoia, measured with the experience sampling method (ESM) at posttreatment. Secondary measures, assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up, included symptoms (paranoia, hallucination, depress

SUBMITTER: van der Stouwe ECD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12270272 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature