Toward More Holistic Early Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation and Care: Recommendations from the 2024 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Classification and Nomenclature Initiative Psychosocial and Environmental Modifiers Working Group.

ABSTRACT: Biopsychosocial and environmental factors play a major role in acute clinical presentation, recovery, and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As part of the 2024 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) TBI Classification and Nomenclature Initiative, the Psychosocial and Environmental Modifiers (PEM) Working Group was assembled to perform a narrative review and summary of expert opinions regarding how non-TBI factors influence the presenting features and outcomes of TBI and to make recommendations for incorporating these Modifiers into clinical care and research. With input from working group members and other interested parties, we summarize the membership, methods, and outcomes of the PEM Working Group activities. Modifiers were considered with the NINDS Socia

SUBMITTER: Nelson LD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12270537 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature