Robust Metformin Nanosystem Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenetic Alopecia.

ABSTRACT: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-a condition characterized by hair loss due to aging, autoimmune responses, stress, and other factors-results in hair follicle (HF) shrinkage and dermal papilla cell apoptosis. So far, only minoxidil (MXD) and finasteride have been approved for AGA treatment. However, both drugs have serious side effects, including hypersensitivity and sexual dysfunction. Hence, novel treatment agents are required for AGA. Although metformin (Met) is primarily a diabetes drug, it is also known to promote hair growth. However, it shows low transdermal permeability, and the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects on AGA remain unclear. Two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BP NSs) have attracted attention as drug carriers due to their low cytotoxicity, good biocompatib

SUBMITTER: Mai Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12271744 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature