Ciprofloxacin resistance and bile-induced biofilm enhancement in <i>Salmonella paratyphi A</i> isolates.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Salmonella paratyphi A is a significant human pathogen responsible for paratyphoid fever which affects millions globally, particularly in regions with limited clean water and sanitation access.

Methodology

The blood samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and identified by biochemical tests and an API 20E kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed according to CLSI guidelines using different antibiotics and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ciprofloxacin were determined using agar dilution. The biofilm-forming ability of isolates was performed, and the effect of bile salts on biofilm production was also tested. Extracellular polysaccharides from select isolates were extracted and analyzed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to charact

SUBMITTER: Shah F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12271913 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature