Bladder exstrophy: navigating long-term outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital malformation of the genitourinary tract, as well as surrounding structures, within the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex. This review aims to summarize the current literature on repair procedures, specifically the modern staged repair and complete primary reconstruction, along with their associated complications and complication rates. A particular focus is placed on long-term management strategies to address these complications as patients transition into adulthood. Additionally, this review highlights the management of sexual health for both males and females, fertility considerations, and overall quality of life, emphasizing that patient care extends beyond voiding function. By incorporating these broader aspects, the review provide

SUBMITTER: Town MV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12271933 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature