Intravesical VSVd51-GM-CSF virotherapy is superior to BCG in treating bladder cancer in preclinical and translational models.

ABSTRACT: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can progress to muscle-invasive disease, with transurethral resection followed by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy reducing this risk. Effective immunotherapies for BCG-resistant NMIBC are lacking. This study directly compares the efficacy of the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVd51) encoding the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) transgene (VSVd51-GM-CSF) to BCG in preclinical and translational models of aggressive bladder cancer. VSVd51-GM-CSF and BCG were tested in mouse and human bladder cancer spheroids and in bladder cancer patient-derived organoids, to evaluate immunogenic cell death biomarkers, cytokine release, and immune cell activation. VSVd51-GM-CSF and BCG treatments were then administered to

SUBMITTER: Daniel L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12273513 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature