Peptide dendrimer and hyaluronic acid modified nanovesicles for ocular delivery of timolol maleate and siRNA.

ABSTRACT: Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and apoptosis. While timolol maleate effectively lowers IOP, it does not prevent RGC loss and suffers from poor corneal permeability and rapid clearance. This study introduces a novel dual-delivery nanovesicular system employing multifunctional spanlastics to simultaneously lower IOP and inhibit RGC apoptosis via caspase-2 gene silencing. The system comprises two distinct nanovesicle populations: (i) timolol-loaded vesicles conjugated with peptide dendrimers to enhance corneal penetration and anterior segment delivery; and (ii) siRNA-loaded vesicles targeting Caspase-2, coated with hyaluronic acid for posterior segment delivery and gen

SUBMITTER: Naik S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12274417 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature