Effect of triple therapy on mortality and cardiovascular risk in patients with moderate to severe COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of global mortality, remains a significant challenge in long-term management. While dual bronchodilators (LAMA/LABA) and inhaled corticosteroid combination therapies (ICS/LABA) alleviate symptoms, patients continue to face elevated risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Recent studies suggest that triple therapy (ICS/LAMA/LABA) may improve outcomes by reducing acute exacerbations and systemic inflammation. However, its long-term effects on mortality and cardiovascular safety remain controversial, highlighting the critical need for systematic evidence to inform clinical decision-making.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (up to July 2024) iden

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12276660 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature