Fine-scale genetic differentiation in the bee-specialized <i>Antirrhinum charidemi</i> covaries more strongly with spatial isolation than with corolla colour.

ABSTRACT: The snapdragon Antirrhinum majus has been a model species for genetics, plant development, and evolution since the 19th century. Recent studies have expanded the focus to the entire Antirrhinum genus as a model system for rapid evolution (26 species in < 5 million years). However, in-depth studies to reconstruct microevolution in additional snapdragon species are lacking. This study aimed to explore to what extent potential pollinators, flower colour morphs, spatial and environmental factors contribute to differentiation in a small population of the Mediterranean A. charidemi (south-eastern Spain). We studied a population of approximately 200 A. charidemi individuals with either pink or white corollas, characterized by strong topographic heterogeneity (horizonta

SUBMITTER: Heuertz M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12285732 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature