The impact of season, temperature, and direct normal irradiance on IVF pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

 This study assessed associations between season, temperature, direct normal irradiance (DNI), and clinical pregnancy outcomes in first fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (June 2021-October 2023) of 1179 patients undergoing fresh IVF cycles. Inclusion criteria required age ≤ 45 years, first-time fresh embryo transfer cycles (long/antagonist protocol), excluding preimplantation genetic testing, frozen cycles, or incomplete data. Temperature and DNI were recorded from gonadotropin (Gn) initiation to oocyte retrieval. Binary logistic regression assessed seasonal impacts on clinical pregnancy, while restricted cubic splines (RCS) independently modeled temperature/DNI effects. Results. Compared to winter, clinical pregn

SUBMITTER: Wang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12287234 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature