Sex-determining region Y-Box 4 promotes the progression of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances regulatory T-cell infiltration and immune suppression.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study examined the role of sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential therapeutic relevance by focusing on the effects of SOX4 knockdown on tumor growth, apoptosis, and immune infiltration.

Material and methods

A sorafenib-resistant HCC cell line (sorafenib-resistant HepG2 [SR-HepG2]) was established by gradually increasing the sorafenib dose (1-7 μM) over 12 months. The messenger RNA and protein expression levels of SOX4 in HepG2 and SR-HepG2 cells were analyzed by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Small interfering RNA (SOX4) or SOX4 overexpression plasmids were introduced into SR-HepG2 cells through transfection, and the effects on cell pr

SUBMITTER: Jing Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12289110 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature